All you need to know about ADHD

What Is ADHD?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a brain-based condition that begins in childhood and can continue into adulthood. It affects how children pay attention, stay still, and manage their impulses. ADHD is not caused by bad parenting, poor discipline, or too much screen time—though these can influence behavior, they are not the root cause.

There are three main types:

• Inattentive type: Difficulty focusing, easily distracted, forgetful.

• Hyperactive-impulsive type: Constant movement, fidgeting, acting without thinking.

• Combined type: A mix of both inattentiveness and hyperactivity.

Why Parents Often Miss the Signs

In India, children with ADHD are often labeled as “lazy,” “spoiled,” or “disobedient.” But ADHD is a medical condition, not a character flaw. Many parents notice issues only when their child struggles in school or has trouble making friends. Teachers may report that the child doesn’t sit still, interrupts often, or doesn’t complete tasks.

Key signs to watch for:

• Trouble following instructions

• Frequent daydreaming or forgetfulness

• Excessive talking or interrupting

• Difficulty waiting their turn

• Emotional outbursts or frustration over small things

Possible Causes of ADHD

While the precise cause of ADHD remains unclear, several contributing factors have

been identified:

1. Genetic Influence:

ADHD often appears in multiple members of the same family.

2. Neurological Variations:

Brain regions responsible for attention and self-regulation may develop

differently.

3. Prenatal Risks:

Substance use such as tobacco, alcohol, or drugs during pregnancy may

heighten the likelihood of ADHD.

4. Birth Conditions:

Being born prematurely or with a low birth weight can be associated with

increased risk.

5. Environmental Exposure:

Contact with harmful substances like lead during early development may

play a role.

How ADHD Is Diagnosed in Children

• No single test: ADHD is diagnosed through a combination of interviews, observations, and rating scales rather than a blood test or scan.

• Clinical interviews: Child psychologists or psychiatrists speak with parents, caregivers, and sometimes teachers to understand the child’s behavior across settings.

• Behavioral reports: Doctors may request school report cards, teacher feedback, and examples of classroom work to assess attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.

• Standardized rating scales: Tools like the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scale or Conners Rating Scales are commonly used to quantify symptoms.

• Rule out other conditions: Professionals ensure symptoms aren’t due to anxiety, learning disabilities, or other neurological issues.

Parent spend time playing with child

Home-Based Support Strategies for ADHD in Children

1. Structured Routine

• Keep a consistent daily schedule for waking, meals, study, play, and sleep.

• Use visual charts or planners to help the child stay on track.

2. Positive Reinforcement

• Reward good behavior with praise, stickers, or small privileges.

• Use a token system to encourage task completion and focus.

3. Break Tasks into Chunks

• Divide homework or chores into smaller, manageable steps.

• Allow short breaks between tasks to maintain focus.

4. Minimize Distractions

• Create a quiet, clutter-free study area.

• Limit screen time and avoid multitasking during homework.

5. Physical Activity

• Encourage regular exercise like cycling, swimming, or martial arts.

• Movement helps regulate energy and improve concentration.

6. Mindfulness and Relaxation

• Practice deep breathing, yoga, or guided meditation.

• Apps like Headspace for Kids or Breathe, Think, Do (by Sesame Street) can help.

Disclaimer

The information provided on this page is intended solely for educational and supportive purposes to help parents better understand ADHD in children. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider—such as a pediatrician, child psychiatrist, or clinical psychologist—for personalized guidance and care. Never disregard or delay seeking medical advice based on content found here.